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Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale
The Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (English: "Institute for Industrial Reconstruction"), best known by its acronym IRI, was an Italian public holding company established in 1933 by the Fascist regime to rescue, restructure and finance banks and private companies that went bankrupt during the Great Depression. After the Second World War, IRI played a pivotal role in the Italian economic miracle of the 1950s and 1960s. It was dissolved in 2000.
==History==
In 1930 the Great Depression affected the Italian financial sector, seriously disrupting credit lines and making it difficult for companies to obtain loans. The Fascist regime led by Benito Mussolini, fearing a credit crunch with subsequent mass dismissals and a wave of social unrest, started to take over the banks' stakes in large industrial companies (such as steel, weapons and chemicals). At the same time, Mussolini tried to inject capital into failing businesses. Although initially conceived as a temporary measure, IRI continued to operate throughout the period of the Fascist regime and well beyond. Although IRI was not intended to carry out real nationalizations, it became the ''de facto'' owner and operator of a growing number of companies. By 1934 it controlled 16.7% of Italian GDP through government-linked companies (GLCs), including Alfa Romeo, the Italsider steel company (which was integrated into IRI's Finsider holding), 75% of pig iron production and 90% of the shipbuilding industry. By the end of the 1930s, IRI activities had resulted in the Italian state owning a larger share of the national economy than any other country except the USSR.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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